2021 Annual Disability Statistics Compendium

Section 2: Functioning
This section expands upon Section 1: Population and Prevalence to provide more details about prevalence by disability types. It presents the prevalence of people with multiple disability types, specifically those who have a functional limitation (vision, hearing, ambulatory, or cognitive disabilities) as well as an activity of daily living disability (self-care disabilities) and/or an instrumental activity of daily living disability (independent living disabilities). Self-care disabilities are defined as difficulties with activities that promote well-being and health, such as bathing or dressing. Independent living disabilities are defined as difficulties with doing activities alone that promote self-determination and self-respect, such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping. Activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living can be proxies for whether the environment is enabling or disabling. For example, a person with vision disabilities may identify as also having self-care disabilities in an unsupportive environment but may not report a self-care disabilities in an environment with adequate accommodations. Self-care and independent living disabilities can occur at the same time or exclusive of one another (e.g., an individual can have difficulties bathing but is able to go shopping alone).
The source of these data is the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey. Statistics for people with disabilities (disability status or disability type) are based on having responded ‘yes’ to a series of questions within the American Community Survey (see the glossary for more details). Please note that this section focuses on people ages 18-64.
Tables
Table 2.1: In 2020, in the United States an estimated 602,011 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both vision disabilities and self-care disabilities (or 15.0 percent). 1,102,239 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both vision disabilities and independent living disabilities (or 27.5 percent).
Table 2.2: In 2020, in the United States an estimated 518,457 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had vision disabilities and both self-care disabilities and independent living disabilities (or 12.9 percent). 83,554 people ages 18-64 with vision disabilities had self-care disabilities but not independent living disabilities (or 2.0 percent). 583,782 people ages 18-64 with vision disabilities had independent living disabilities but not self-care disabilities (or 14.5 percent).
Table 2.3: In 2020, in the United States an estimated 442,122 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both hearing disabilities and self-care disabilities (or 11.3 percent). Also, 746,156 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both vision disabilities and independent living disabilities (or 19.1 percent).
Table 2.4: In 2020, in the United States an estimated 368,097 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had hearing disabilities as well as both self-care disabilities and independent living disabilities (or 9.4 percent). 74,025 people ages 18-64 with hearing disabilities had self-care disabilities but not independent living disabilities (or 1.9 percent). 378,059 people ages 18-64 with hearing disabilities had independent living disabilities but not self-care disabilities (or 9.7 percent).
Table 2.5: In 2020, in the United States an estimated 2,936,377 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both ambulatory disabilities and self-care disabilities (or 31.5 percent). 4,137,582 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both ambulatory disabilities and independent living disabilities (or 44.4 percent).
Table 2.6: In 2020, in the United States an estimated 2,370,130 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had ambulatory disabilities as well as both self-care disabilities and independent living disabilities (or 25.4 percent). 566,247 people ages 18-64 with ambulatory disabilities had self-care disabilities but not independent living disabilities (or 6.0 percent). 1,767,452 people ages 18-64 with ambulatory disabilities had independent living disabilities but not self-care disabilities (or 18.9 percent).
Table 2.7: In 2020, in the United States an estimated 1,916,979 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both cognitive disabilities and self-care disabilities (or 19.4 percent). 4,643,957 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both cognitive disabilities and independent living disabilities (or 47.1 percent).
Table 2.8: In 2020, in the United States an estimated 1,706,272 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had cognitive disabilities as well as both self-care disabilities and independent living disabilities (or 17.3 percent). 210,707 people ages 18-64 with cognitive disabilities had self-care disabilities but not independent living disabilities (or 2.1 percent). 2,937,685 people ages 18-64 with cognitive disabilities had independent living disabilities but not self-care disabilities (or 29.8 percent).